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Myanmar's population is increasing steadily at an annual growth rate of 2.02 percent and approximated 54.29 million in 2004-05. Are rural dwellers where farming is the main stay of occupation. Total current labour force is estimated to be 18 million, of which 63% are engaged in agriculture sector.


Under the Land Nationalization Act, 1953 and the Tenancy Act and Rules, 1963, the right of tilling the land accrued to farmers and farmers with large holding have not substantially increased, while the number of farmers working on smaller holdings have increased correspondingly. The following table shows the total number of farmers or farm families working on different sizes of holdings and the total acreage in each group:-See Table
 
Myanmar as an agricultural country, and likewise in possessing tropical as well as temperate climates, has the ability of growing different kinds of crops. The different agro climatic zones, embracing the extensive deltaic region, the long coastal strips, the central zone and the hilly regions have given rise to the cultivation of cereal crops, oil seed crops, pulses, industrial crops, vegetables, fruits and flowers under their respective cropping systems.